Shivaji
Shivaji Raje Bhosle (Marathi: शिवाजीराजे भोसले; 19 February 1630 - 3 April 1680), with the royal title Chhatrapati (Emperor) Shivaji Maharaj (Marathi: छत्रपती शिवाजी महाराज), was a Maratha aristocrat of the Bhosle clan who founded the Maratha empire. Shivaji led a resistance to free the Maratha people from the Sultanate of Bijapur, and establish Hindavi Swarajya ("self-rule of Hindu people"). He created an independent Maratha kingdom with Raigad as its capital, and successfully fought against the Mughals to defend his kingdom. He was crowned as Chhatrapati ("sovereign) of the Maratha kingdom in 1674.
He established a competent and progressive civil rule with the help of a well-regulated and disciplined military and well-structured administrative organizations. The prevalent practices of treating women as spoils of war, destruction of religious monuments, slavery and forceful religious conversions were firmly opposed under his administration. Shivaji was a religious Hindu. He also innovated rules of military engagement, pioneering the "Shiva sutra" or ganimi kava (guerrilla tactics), which leveraged strategic factors like geography, speed, surprise and focused pinpoint attacks to defeat his larger and more powerful enemies and built many sea-forts. From a small contingent of 2,000 soldiers inherited from his father, he created a formidable force of 100,000 soldiers who eventually defeated the mighty Mughal Empire even after his death.
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| Photo of Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhosle. |
He established a competent and progressive civil rule with the help of a well-regulated and disciplined military and well-structured administrative organizations. The prevalent practices of treating women as spoils of war, destruction of religious monuments, slavery and forceful religious conversions were firmly opposed under his administration. Shivaji was a religious Hindu. He also innovated rules of military engagement, pioneering the "Shiva sutra" or ganimi kava (guerrilla tactics), which leveraged strategic factors like geography, speed, surprise and focused pinpoint attacks to defeat his larger and more powerful enemies and built many sea-forts. From a small contingent of 2,000 soldiers inherited from his father, he created a formidable force of 100,000 soldiers who eventually defeated the mighty Mughal Empire even after his death.
Contents
1. Early life
2. Confrontation with the regional sultanate of Adilshah
2.1 Battles
2.1.1 Battle of Purander
2.1.2 Pratapgad
2.1.2.1 Adilshah's attack and negotiations
2.1.2.2 Afzal Khan and Shivaji conference
2.1.2.3 Battle of Pratapgarh
2.1.2.4 Fall of Bijapur Army
2.1.3 Battle of Kolhapur
3. Reconquest and Battle of Salher
3.1 Siege of Panhala
3.2 Maratha's Last Stand: The Battle of Pavan Khind
4. Clash with the Mughals
4.1 Battle of Umberkhind
4.2 Attack on Shaista Khan
4.3 Siege of Surat
4.4 Treaty of Purandar
4.5 Arrest in Agra and escape
4.6 Reconquest
4.6.1 Battle of Sinhgad
4.6.2 Battle of Vani-dindori
4.6.3 Battle of Salher
4.6.4 Battle of Nesari
5. Conquests in Southern India
6. Coronation
7. End of life
8. Rule and Administration
8.1 Rule
8.2 Administration
9. Military
9.1 Forts
9.2 Navy
10. Promotion of Sanskrit
11. Religious Policy : Secular Maratha Empire
12. Character
13. Legacy
13.1 Modern influence
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